Gilded Age

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and economic changes. He said that progress merely provided a "gleaming surface of the . Just below that golden surface, however, lay twelve-hour workdays in factories, the widespread use of child labor, and large-scale business dealings…" (Cherny 4).
During the , parties changed their traditional ways of voting and elections. Parties were at war to gain political majority in order to have control in government decisions, so they began tactics to insure victories at the polls. Parties discouraged attendance at primaries by meeting at late hours and dangerous areas, developed bargaining tactics like "logrolling" (trading of influence or votes among legislators to gain passage of certain projects), and voters found it difficult to split a ticket when party organizers left no space to fill in names on the ballot. In Cherny's book, Richard Jensen said that "Elections were treated like battles in which the two main armies (parties) concentrated on fielding the maximum number of troops ...

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