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Internal Combustion Engines - Online Essay

Internal Combustion Engines


An internal-combustion engine is a heat engine that burns fuel and air
inside a combustion chamber located within the engine proper. Simply stated, a
heat engine is an engine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy. The
internal- combustion engine should be distinguished from the external-
combustion engine, for example, the steam engine and the Stirling engine, which
burns fuel outside the prime mover, that is, the device that actually produces
mechanical motion. Both basic types produce hot, expanding gases, which may then
be employed to move pistons, turn turbine rotors, or cause locomotion through
the reaction principle as they escape through the nozzle.
Most people are ...

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The diesel engine is a
compression-ignition engine. This article emphasizes the spark-ignition engine.
The invention and early development of internal-combustion engines are
usually credited to three Germans. Nikolaus Otto patented and built (1876) the
first such engine; Karl Benz built the first automobile to be powered by such an
engine (1885); and Gottlieb Daimler designed the first high-speed internal-
combustion engine (1885) and carburetor. Rudolf Diesel invented a successful
compression-ignition engine (the diesel engine) in 1892.
The operation of the internal-combustion reciprocating engine employs
either a four-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle. A stroke is one continuous
movement of the piston within the cylinder.
In the four-stroke cycle, also known as the Otto cycle, the downward
movement of a piston located within a cylinder creates a partial vacuum. Valves
located inside the combustion chamber are controlled by the motion of a camshaft
connected to ...

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contains several subsystems:
ignition, fuel, cooling, and exhaust systems.
The ignition system of a spark-ignition engine consists of the sparking
device (the spark plug); the connecting wire from the plug to the distributor;
and the distributor, which distributes the spark to the proper cylinder at the
proper time. The distributor receives a high-energy spark from a coil, or
magneto, that converts low-voltage energy to high-voltage energy. Some ignition
systems employ transistorized circuitry, which is generally more efficient and
less troublesome than the mechanical breaker-point system used in the past. Most
ignition systems require an external electrical energy source in the form ...

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PAPER DETAILS
Added: 9/28/2007 09:21:06 PM
Category: Computers
Type: Premium Paper
Words: 1397
Pages: 6

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