The Effects of the 1997-98 El Nino on Coral Reefs: Bleaching, Sea Surface Temperatures and Other Factors
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This is a 9 page paper discussing the effects of El Nino on the world’s coral reefs in addition to other factors. Excessive and sudden high sea water temperatures, El Nino, have a devastating effect on the coral reefs in over 100 countries around the world. High sea surface temperatures cause a disruption of enzymes in the coral’s zooxanthellae which then create toxic byproducts which kill the living coral resulting in a whitening or bleaching effect. Coral bleaching has been used in the last decade to study the changes in marine ecosystems using methods which include a combination of marine and satellite imagery efforts. The El Nino of 1997-98 was particularly destructive to the coral reefs as over 16 percent were instantly bleached in that year. In addition to the effects of sea temperatures rising, El Nino and human environmental factors, over 27 percent of the world’s coral reefs have been severely damaged. While it has been found that 30 percent may be recovering from the 1997-98 El Nino disaster, some reefs found in the Caribbean have shown no signs of recovery since 1998. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJelnin1.rtf

The Geology of Biscayne National Park (Florida)
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A 4 page description of limestone and reef formation in Biscayne National Park. The author describes processes and the complex ecology that has resulted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPgeoBis.rtf

The Geology of Hydrothermal Vents
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A 9 page discussion of the unique geology of hydrothermal vents. The subterranean processes which result in these vents also results in the expulsion of numerous minerals to the surface of the ocean floor. These mineral deposits form distinctive features which are potentially valuable not only from an aesthetic and ecological standpoint but mining standpoint. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPocnVn2.rtf

The Great Lakes
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A 6 page discussion of the Great Lakes, their sources, natural environment, and pertinent theories. Bibliography lists three references.
Filename: Greatlak.wps

The Great White Shark
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6 pages in length. The great white shark provokes a lot of mystery and myth, most of which is simply untrue. This paper will explore some facts about the great white and whether or not they propose a threat to humans, as well as problems affecting the great white sharks themselves and possible solutions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAshark.wps

The Hard Shell Clam Business in the Raritan Bay Area
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This 24 page paper outlines biological aspects of hard clams which are also known as Mercenaria mercenaria or quahogs. The history of the industry in and around the Raritan Bay area and Sandy Hook are discussed in detail. Clam Population, conditions and sizes of clams are included along with a slew of information used to characterize the clams. The history of hard clamming in the region is discussed along with a great deal of information on pollution and how the problem has been resolved. Finally, throughout the paper, legislation and restrictions are duly noted. It is suggested that sometimes legislation is too strict. The paper concludes with future possibilities regarding this long standing industry. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: SA410clm.rtf

The Hawaiian Islands & Their Scientific Environment
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Excellent for those studying oceanography, marine biology, geography, and even geology. This fairly technical 10 page research paper discusses various issues concerning the Hawaiian Islands including aquatic life, volcanoes, climate, and coastal topography. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Hawaiifi.wps

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